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A Critique of the Research name EssayA Critique of the Research Article Methadone/Buprenorphine and Better Maternal/ Perinatal Outcomes A Meta-analysis Abstract The conclusion of this research article is to discuss lower lay on the line drugs such as Methadone and Buprenorphine given to heroin addicted pregnant patients to create interrupt neonatal and maternal outcomes. This research articles discusses the gold standard of manipulation for better neonatal and maternal outcomes. Keywords heroin, neonatal, maternal, outcomes, methadone, buprenorphine, gold standard wordA Critique of the Research Article Methadone/Buprenorphine and Better Maternal/ Perinatal Outcomes A Meta-analysis Methadone is a synthetic opioid. It is used medically as an analgesic and a concern anti-addictive and reductive preparation for use by patients with opioid dependency. It was developed in Germany in 1937. Methadone was introduced into the United States in 1947 by Eli Lilly and Company. The pr incipal effects of methadone living atomic be 18 to relieve narcotic craving, suppress the abstinence syndrome, and block the euphoric effects associated with opiates.When used correctly, Methadone maintenance has been found to be medically safe and non-sedating. It is in like manner indicated for pregnant women addicted to opiates. (doihttp//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/methadone) The theoretical study was non discussed in the articles but Roys Model identifies the elements considered essential to adaptation and describes how the elements interact to produce adaptation and and then health. Methadone helps the pregnant opioid dependent separate adapt to a lower risk drug and produces an general healthier maternal and prenatal outcome.Middle Range Theory is less abstract and narrowed in the scope than conceptual models. These types of theories focus on answering particular practice questions and often specify such factors patients health conditions, family situations and nursing a ctions. While researching this topic there were areas that were discussed, about patients being aquaphobic to seek Methadone treatment and prenatal tending because they were ashamed of how health care professionals would view them.It was also stated that patients in better overall health and less family related stress situations would more than likely be the ones to receive proper prenatal care and seek Methadone treatment. Opioid dependent pregnant patients and their fetus have more physical, mental and psychological issues. (Kaltenbach, Berghella, Finnegan, 1998). Opioid dependent pregnant patients are at an increased risk for preterm delivery and low birth weight. (Fajemiroku-Odudeyi et al. , 2005). To lower the health risks, pregnant women who are opiate dependent have been tempered with methadone maintenance, the standard of care for several decades.(Jones et al. , 2005). A nonher treatment option became avail competent when the U. S. Food and do drugs Administration appro ved the use of buprenorphine maintenance therapy in 2002, which is another substitute for methadone. The research article Opioid settlement in Pregnancy and Length of Stay for Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome examines 152 opioid-dependent pregnant women on methadone maintenance therapy (n=136 the participants that are using methadone) or buprenorphine maintenance therapy (n=16 the participants that are using buprenorphine) during pregnancy and their neonates.The neonates were born surrounded by January 1, 2005 and December 2007. The use of methadone in opioid dependent pregnant women lowers maternal morbidity and mortality grade and promotes foetal stability and growth compared to the use of heroin (Ludlow, Evans, Hulse, 2004). Continuous methadone treatment during pregnancy is associated with change earlier prenatal care (Burns, Mattick, Lim Wallace, 2007), compliance with prenatal care and better preparation for infant care and parenting responsibilities (Dawe, Harnett, Rendal ls, Staiger, 2003).Stabilization on methadone avoids the dangers of repeated intoxication and withdrawal cycles. Methadone has to be picked up by the patient at the treatment facilities. Attendance at these facilities allow pregnant patients opportunities to receive essential antenatal care and advice for a healthy pregnancy, which some of the patients otherwise may not receive. While conducting this research it was not clearly evident what was being researched until the conclusion of the results was determined. Based on the number of participants depended on the outcome of the better treatment.Therefore the results are not as accurate as could be if there were a bigger amount of participants. There were no violations of patient rights with the rules used. The research article Methadone in pregnancy treatment retention and neonatal outcomes examines three different groups of women a group who entered continuous treatment at to the lowest degree one year foregoing to birth, a gro up who entered continuous treatment in the 6 months prior to birth, and a group whose last treatment program prior to birth ended at to the lowest degree one year prior to birth.Births that occurred after 1994 were selected for this analysis. Overall, 2 993 women were on the methadone program at delivery. The number of births rose steadily from 62 in 1992 to 459 in 2002. A particular strength of the large seek size was the ability to examine the effect of treatment retention on key neonatal outcomes. Among mothers on methadone at delivery, early commencement on methadone was associated with increased antenatal care and reduce prematurity.This is consistent with previous research that has shown that methadone in conjunction with adequate prenatal care promotes fetal stability and growth. Ethics approval for the project was granted by the NSW Department of Health Ethics Committee. each data was provided to the researchers only once full identification of records had taken place wi th password protected computers and firewall protection. This method was used to protect patients rights. Based on a large ideal size, researchers were able to examine the effects of treatment retention on key neonatal outcomes.Although researchers had a large sample size based on certain ethical restrictions, limited the amount of information given to researchers, which waived the outcomes of individuals results not being totally accurate. The research article Methadone and perinatal outcomes a likely cohort study examines A total of 117 pregnant women on methadone maintenance treatment recruited between July 2009 and July 2010. Measurements information on concomitant drug use was recorded with the Addiction Severity Index. Perinatal outcomes include pre-term birth (