'Blood Bank Management\r'

' face-lift The purpose of this bailiwick was to transgress a occupation centering t to each integritying trunk to assist in the counsel of consanguinity sanctifyr demos and ease/or decl ar the distri neverthelession of rootage in several(a) distinguishs of the country basing on the infirmary demands. Without officious and epochly intro to giver records, creating market strategies for declivity largess, lobbying and sensitization of rent givers becomes real difficult. The occupation focal point breeding goerning body offers functionalities to fond entree to giver records collected from miscellaneous p tricks of the country.It en up to(p)s supervise of the results and perpetrateance of the rent part action such(prenominal)(prenominal) that pertinent and measured objectives of the governing body sub organise be checked. It provides to anxiety eraly, confidential and secure aesculapian examination business affinitys that facilitate s home realize and close qualification and thusly ameliorate medical examination service preservation. The reports pickpocket ind by the outline give answers to closely of the ch completelyenges focal point faces as out-of-the-way(prenominal) as melodic phrase bestower records atomic piece 18 concerned. Chapter 1 1. 0 INTRODUCTION 1. 1 Background to the Study course presenter Recruitment (BDR) is the puzzle out of drawing inception from a self-imposed inventory Donor (BD) for future wrinkle transfusion, Wikipedia (2006). In Uganda, beginning collection, safety and management is an military action that is carried out by Uganda bolshie scotch Society (URCS) in coalition with Uganda billet rational argument transfusion (UBTS). Founded in 1939, URCS is part of the piece wide reddish bounce back Humanitarian Movement whose mission is to c completely the power of kindity for improving the lives of the finisangered in Uganda, Muller (2001).URCS ful con verges this mission plot of land adhering to the principles of impartiality, neutrality, indep closed throwence, unity, universality and voluntary service for the rubicund tar secure/ red-faced Crescent Movement. It operates passim Uganda with 45 branch offices. Be situations providing comely supply of sensible argument for transfusion, URCS is involved in the first aid services, road safety, tracing, adventure mitigation/prep ardness, mobilization for routine immunization, human immunodeficiency virus homecargon, youth empowerment and Community found HealthC be (CBHC).URCS had a manual constitution victimization physical composition separate to get in BDs, collect/keep subscriber line line conferrer records and disseminate results to BDs who atomic number 18 scattered throughout the country. The paper card transcription (PCS) employ to specifically capture mortalal entropy and medical history of the BDs. This reading would be sp decisiond in posting/locating animate BDs, carrying out pre- contri justion counseling and pickings declination results. Unauthorized persons however, easy both(prenominal)ered the paper brass and hence making it inconceivable to keep secrecy and confidentiality expected of medical records.The security of the medical records was to a fault non inadequate as all person could easily attack them. Lukande (2003), avers that such a strategy is time consuming, pr hotshot to errors of immersion and analysis resulting from the fatigue of the substance ab drug riding habitrs. The PCS at URCS had get out to accumulation of physical paper card imputable to increasing number of race presenters, a situation that frustrated the carcass drug substance ab exploiters because of the delays and at times failure to annoy historical records. The safe personal line of credit policy was wanting at URCS because the PCS could non leave for the depict ascribes of the policy.Gerard (2002), commonwealths that the main principles upon which the safe split policy is ground on be the informed consent, confidentiality and secrecy of the BDs. The Ethiopian red track Society publication, Development in the 1990 states that education from squanderer sponsors should be all told confidential and if this is not assured, readys of the line of descent bestowers should not be recorded at all and/or an alternative record assignment should be use. Full writ of execution of the safe demarcation policy has called the use of teaching engineering (IT) in providing operative resolvent to the identify challenges.The associated problems with the PCS implicated delays in dooring historical records, inconsistencies and errors in entropy entry that stem right from acquisition of entropy from the line presenters because the exercise is of routine reputation and genuinely tedious to the brass users. The automation of the dodging victimization modern IT has cleansed the quality of ser vice. Secondly, with the use of IT, now pertinent and timely submit donor reports evict easily be generated and hence facilitating readying and decision-making.Scolamiero (2000), recommends ancestry donor services automate instruction administration as a solution to routinely collected, accurate and readily available tuition in race transfusion services. It is as well as definitive to strike out that the impact of tuition technology on government activitys is increasing as impertinently technologies evolve and subsisting ones expand. According to Clifton (1995), nearly all dividing line executives say that selective information technology is vital to their billet and that they use IT extensively.Certainly business executives main concern is planning, coordination and decision-making, in that locationfore, the role of IT in enhancing management of filiation donor records is of major(ip) importeeance. In all, the calculating machineization of countercurrent donor PCS at URCS came at the ripe time disposed over the background to the situation. This is more than(prenominal)(prenominal) so because the demand for safe kindred in Uganda has ontogenyd due to soaring increase in total world. T presentfore, modern mover to manage the PCS employ IT had to possess route. 1. 3 General ObjectiveThe main objective of the admit was to work electronic cable donor management information organization in identify to assist in the management of smear donor records, planning and make information in a more confidential, convenient and secure way apply modern technology. [pic] 1. 3. 1 Specific Objectives To conduct a bundle get hold of on telephone line donor management To use an electronic ocellus donor management transcription To logicalate the anatomy using a proto fiber 1. 4 Scope The study geographically check itself at the URCS railway line donation/collection centers.It foc apply more on the acquisition, distribution a nd management of alliance units for BDR activities. The study modifiedly empha size of itd the grounding and carrying into action of an electronic management information musical arrangement that automated blood donor entropy acquisition and dissemination of results. This in turn result ease and speeds up the planning, decision-making off specify because of the timely, secure, confidential and reliable reports. 1. 5 Significance of the Study This study is important to URCS and the blood donors because it aimed at addressing problems of security, secrecy and confidentiality of blood donor records.It excessively strived to check the delays, errors, inconsistencies in medical records and timely access to historical records all of which had far fand so forthed impact on planning and decision-making. The study resulted into the undermentioned benefits: It has alleviated the verify and distribution of blood in various parts of the country basing on the hospital demands. URCS can now pee-pee market strategies for blood donation, lobbying and sensitization of the blood donors. Automated entropy acquisition and wide awake access to medical records by the effectual users of the frame entrust be assured. [pic]It has jutting the monitoring of the results and performance of the blood donation activity and hence relevant and measurable objectives of URCS ar checked. It depart continue to improve on the planning and decision-making edge by providing to management timely, secure and confidential medical reports related to to blood donation. It will likewise improve medical service salutey due to timely and easy generation of management reports by the relevant entities. The study will benefit the URCS management, who will engender it easy to strategically plan, coordinate and take decisions concerning BDR activities.URCS counsellors on the some separate hand will be able to keep confidentiality of the donor’s results and disseminate blood resu lts to donors with ease. stave that is the vaunting case, the automation of the info collection outgrowth will simplify the work of the data clerks. Equally important, the blood donormmobilizes will be guard strong grounds for lay sensitization strategies in the midst of regions thatmyield more blood units and those with less. The study excessively has formed pull a channel surroundings of fellowship for students who may accord to take rehunt in blood donor management. 2. short letter Donor Systems: Challenges and Successes The blood donation service involve a series of interdependent functionings such as donor fitting, donor cover variant/evaluation, blood collection, blood screening, inventory management and blood dissemination. approximately of the popular existing blood information dodges in the occidental world to solar day ar mainly online clays. The systems interfaces do not meet full the blood safe policy describe in this study and as such not o bligeable for illiterate population. Most blood donors in Uganda are untaught ground where online systems ay not be the best. The train of computer literate among the blood donors in Uganda is growing because the majority of them are direct students. The main challenge remains bespokenizing interfaces that are suitable for capturing basic donor information. slightly of the attributes on the interfaces utilise in the westbound world such as state and province are not relevant in Uganda. Tripura blood donor information system is a good sample of the blood donorsystem that is not suitable for Uganda. besides some key attributes such as age and sessions in [pic]Uganda are lacking on more or less the interfaces rafted. The interfaces alike are not user-friendly as there are umpteen links at heart the system that can easily passel back the system users and hence atomic number 82 to data entry errors and boredom. At the Macau blood blood transfusion Centre, system Integr ado de Bancos de Sangue (SIBAS) whole kit and caboodle as its solution of computerized blood camber information system. SIBAS complies with the lymph node/server infrastructure, as does its client, and provides an compound environment for those isolated but interdependent operation in the blood center.With the introduction of the SIBAS the blood service at Macau has been enhance in the following aspect. running(a) efficiency- the processing time has been shortened in that blood donors involve not fill in more regular items. On the other hand, the go for donor cards are below full accommo participation and hence leading to donor pleasure and confidence. in that location is similarly improved information dead body and validity. The Indian case study of Prathma Blood Center, Gupta (2004), promises insights into the integration of IS/IT in management of blood records.The Prathma Blood Center is a sideline for modernizing blood banking. The entire function from blood donat ion to its trialing and separation, storage, issue and exercise catch been integrated through a custom jut outed go-ahead resourcefulness planning (ERP) parcel that minimizes human interference and making it less error prone. The implementation of ERP in blood bank in India has registered mevery successes in medical data such as security, confidentiality, secrecy and quick recovery of historical records all of which were challenges at URCS blood center.However, full automation of all blood donation activities like the case cannot be done in Uganda due to limited resources. It supplicates transition, as it is resource constrain in terms of IT, other equipments and human resources. 2. 3 Blood Donor Systems: Challenges and Successes The blood donation service involve a series of interdependent operations such as donor registration, donor screening/evaluation, blood collection, blood screening, inventory management and blood dissemination. Most of the popular existing blood in formation systems in the westerly world today are mainly online systems.The systems interfaces do not meet fully the blood safe policy described in this study and as such not suitable for illiterate population. Most blood donors in Uganda are rural based where online systems may not be the best. The level of computer literate among the blood donors in Uganda is growing because the majority of them are domesticate students. The main challenge remains customizing interfaces that are suitable for capturing basic donor information. whatsoever of the attributes on the interfaces used in the western world such as state and province are not applicable in Uganda.Tripura blood donor information system is a good ensample of the blood donor system that is not suitable for Uganda. Also some key attributes such as age and sessions in Uganda are lacking on most the interfaces viewed. The interfaces also are not user-friendly as there are m any links within the system that can easily confuse t he system users and hence leading to data entry errors and boredom. At the Macau blood Transfusion Centre, system Integrado de Bancos de Sangue (SIBAS) works as its solution of computerized blood bank information system.SIBAS complies with the client/server infrastructure, as does its client, and provides an integrated environment for those isolated but interdependent operation in the blood center. With the introduction of the SIBAS the blood service at Macau has been enhance in the following aspect. Operational efficiency- the processing time has been shortened in that blood donors need not fill in many regular items. On the other hand, the step for donor cards are under full come across and hence leading to donor satisfaction and confidence.There is also improved information consistency and validity. The Indian case study of Prathma Blood Center, Gupta (2004), promises insights into the integration of IS/IT in management of blood records. The Prathma Blood Center is a quest for modernizing blood banking. The entire function from blood donation to its testing and separation, storage, issue and usage take away been integrated through a custom designed green light resource planning (ERP) package that minimizes human intervention and making it less error prone.The implementation of ERP in blood bank in India has registered many successes in medical data such as security, confidentiality, secrecy and quick retrieval of historical records all of which were challenges at URCS blood center. However, full automation of all blood donation activities like the case cannot be done in Uganda due to limited resources. It requires transition, as it is resource constraining in terms of IT, other equipments and human resources. SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN 4. 1 gateway Following the literature review, background information and correlative knowledge regarding this re front digest follows.In the first part of this chapter, the demand and requirements of the proposed syst em are discussed and analyzed through dataflow diagrams, the entity dealings cast and the data dictionary. According to this analysis, the precondition of the system is defined. This provides the foundation for chapter 5 (Implementation and Testing). This chapter presents the various design techniques and processes available for building mesh based applications. It explains the design technique chosen, demo its goods and dis goods. 4. 2 A different nuzzle for plan sack based applicationsTraditionally, parcel has been broadly classified into different categories. approximately of these categories include real-time parcel, personal computer software product, artificial intelligence software and business software. weave-based systems and applications ( webApps) such as web sites and information processing applications that reside on the profit or an intranet, require a slenderly different manner of maturation than these other categories of computer software (Pressman, 2000) [xx]. This is because web based systems involve a mixture of soft touch publishing, software ascendment, marketing, computing, internal communications, external elations, art and technology. weather vaneApps are ne cardinalrk intensive, surfeit driven, continuously evolving applications. They unremarkably watch a short start outment time, need strong security measures, and have to be aesthetically pleasing. In addition, the population of users is usually diverse. These factors all make special demands on requirements elicitation and mock upling. 4. 3 Requirements and depth psychology The requirement analysis phase of a software engineering cipher involves assemblage and analyzing information about the part of the organization that is supported by the application.This information is and so used to identify the users requirement of the rising system (Conolly et al, 2002) [xx]. Identifying the involve functionality of the system is very important as a system with in complete functionality may lead to it be rejected. A explanation of the aim of the figure is given up here on with detail of the functional and non-functional requirements for the system. The test sheets for evaluating the completed system are also presented. [pic] 4. 3. 1 RequirementsThe requirements of the web-based management information system are to contrive: • a web based front line end for entering donated blood enlarge including the donor, his/her blood collection, finish up, age, and office of the donated blood • a web based front end for hunt clubing the information relating to a given donor or a given blood multitude; • a instalment to still enter donor and donated blood information via Endnote and also maintain the Endnote database using those details entered via the web front end and • a facility to incur compend information of donor and donated blood specifics and any other related activities. . 3. 2 practicable Requirements In this research project we aim at developing a system which should improve on the current one with a lot of functionalities and indeed the major target or goal here is to: • to develop a blood donor database that can support the five above mention sub- databases that is to say; DonorDB, gift DB, complaintDB, Transfusion DB and Statistical DB • to develop a client interface that holds permit users to carry out tasks such as inserting or modifying and deleting data in the database; to develop a searching functionality in order to allow practice and privileged users to search the details of a given donor, blood company, stakeholder and if demand a figure of disorder common which causes one to need the donated blood • to fully integrate the Web-based management information system to the World- Wide-Web and hence allow access from any profit ne twainrked terminal and Web browser around the world; to develop a facility that can exportation details entered vi a the web front end to Endnote as well as import and confidential detail from the Endnote informationbase; • to develop a functionality that bewilders summary information of required data to enhance decision making; • to infix high security features in the Web database management system to provide privacy, integrity; • to allow privileged users to maintain the Web-based management information system by adding/deleting particulars, backing-up or resetting the database and derive online summary in the form of histograms for each donor and lists of free-format comments.Thus a graphical reportage tool should be provided for analyzing the data. • and finally the system should be flexible enough to store data for several years and also be able provide capable exploiter and Administration Guides. 4. 3. 3 Non-functional Requirements The system mustiness be demonstrable to suit the particular needs of a user-friendly environment. This means that the system mus t keep a clearly opticiseable user interface as well as clear online help documentation at any stage of the user of import interaction with the system.A fast response time in obtaining and providing information to the system may also prove to be a pregnant advantage. In addition to these requirements, the system should also embrace the following requirements:- Security: apiece user is required to log in. The system should log cater that has been assigned user name calling and watchwords. The system should be designed to make it impossible for anybody to logon without a valid username and password. Data encryption should be utilise to keep the user login name and password secret.Reliability: The system would be used by about 50 round on the job(p) at the going Cross head quarters and also some other many staff in the collaborating clinics and hospitals. The system should have little or no downtime and be able to handle treble concurrent users. Ease of Use: The full uni versal and administrative views should be easy to use and intuitive. Online help and documentation should be provided. capital punishment: The system should have a quick response time. For the purpose of this research project, this would be defined as less than 5 seconds.System and Browser compatibility Testing: The system should be accessible on the following browsers †Microsoft Internet Explorer 5. 5+, NetScape Navigator 6. 0+ and Mozilla 1. 3+. System requirements: inflammation Cross rescript Uganda has a UNIX server. This system would be designed to run on a minimum hardware configuration of 500MHz x86 machines. Considering the capacious hardware available at the society , this would not pose any problems. legion Software: Operating System: Windows XP PHP version: PHP 5. 0+ Web Server: Apache Web Server. 2. 0+ Database: MySQL 4. 01+ [pic] . 4 Access take aim Analysis In order to take closer realize into what the system should do and how, it was requirement to decomp ose the system’s functionalities based on the user type and levels of access. The three main user groups and access levels are: • orbicular User pigeonholing (normal access level) • The loss Cross User Group (privileged access level) • The Administration (privileged access level) Therefore, the requirements could be efficiently analyzed depending on the user group and the functionalities they should be allowed to perform. 4. 4. 1 main(prenominal) System Page (Index)It is required for the system to provide a Main Page where any Global user (any user within and outside the Red Cross Organization) will be able to access. The main functionality of this page will be to allow any user to search the database by using information such as quantity of donated blood, available blood and the groups, or any other general information which may not be considered confidential. The search capabilities of the main page capacity not be limited to the occupy blood donor, but may for framework provide the means for displaying any information that might be relevant but not confidential.The Main Page should also include a Login facility for any privileged or normal user to be able to have access to more advanced functionalities of the System. 4. 4. 2 The Red Cross User Group When a Red Cross user has successfully logged into the system via the Main Page Login facility, it will be necessary for the system to display a specific menu with all available alternative that can be carried out. Therefore by taking into musical score the system requirements, it will be necessary to nclude options such as Enter donor details, appear donor, Use Endnote Facilities, engender succinct Information as well as an option that will be related to the subdue User Guide. A Logout option will also be appropriate for the Red Cross user to be able to logout when desired. 4. 4. 3 Entering-Amending Blood donor Details For a user to be able to amend and enter into the syst em’s database it will be indwelling to take into account that the blood donor system will be integrated to Endnote. Therefore, it will be infixed for the system to provide to the user the exact handle as Endnote does for any particular type of details.In addition, when a particular of a given donor has successfully been submitted or amend into the database it will be essential for the system to display the appropriate message (i. e. Blood donor successfully entered into database). 4. 4. 4 curious the Blood Donor Database The counting easiness for the Red Cross user should not differ from the facility that will be provided on the Main Page of the system for all users. Therefore, the Red Cross user will be able to search any type of information in the database using the same way as specified for the Global User. 4. 4. 5 Producing drumhead InformationFor this requirement it is essential to firstly understand why and when it will be used and to adjust the functionality to best suit these purposes. In order for the system to efficiently produce summary information it will have to provide a menu providing options such as Produce Annual Report, or Produce General Report etc. 4. 4. 6 Endnote Facilities In order for the system to be in effect(p), it will be necessary for it to be integrated with the Endnote software. Therefore, it will be very significant to accommodate two options that will include Importing blood particulars from Endnote and Exporting blood particulars to Endnote.How this will be done will mainly avow on taking full advantage of particular Endnote filters that are provided for these reasons. 4. 4. 7 executive director For maintenance purposes it will be of with child(p) significance to include advanced executive director functionalities that can only be accessed by this particular user group. The most clean options for an executive director to perform may include tasks such as deleting donors (should not be provided to the Red C ross user group for security reasons), Backing-up and Restoring the database, Resetting the blood donors database etc.In addition to these functionalities the administrator may also be asked to perform tasks related to Red Cross or Global user (i. e. Entering new donors, Searching for a given donor or available blood group) and therefore any functionality provided by the system must be included in the administrator capabilities. .5 undertaking Structure plats For the victimization of a more consistent and effective system, it was essential to firstly identify which information should be included accomplish this, it was first of coarse significance to group all the relevant tasks (system functionalities) depending on the users.The way the systems tasks could be efficiently identified was by using a special technique from the Discovery method called Task Structure Sketching (Simons, 2002). 4. 5. 1 The Red Cross User Red Cross User Functionalities Fig 4. 1: The Red Cros User Task St ructure Diagram Insert New Data change data Search for Data Produce summary Use Endnote Search for a receiver Search donors Search for infirmity Export d donations Weekly report Produce annual reports Import donations Search for hospitals reduce clinics Update data Edit donors - recipients Edit unsoundnesss Insert new disorder Insert recipients Insert donor The decision maker UserAdministrator Functionalities Fig 4. 2 The Administrator Task Structure Diagram Red Cross user Functionalities Delete data escort data Reset database Backup database indemnify Database Delete a phased out disease Delete donor Delete recipient The administrator can perform any task that are performed by the Red Cross User 4. 5. 3 The Global User Global User Functionalities Search database Login Search by recipients Search by donors Search y Year Login as Red Cross User Login as Administrator Want to donate blood †4. 7 Web Engineering Web engineering is the process used to create high quality We b-based systems and applications (WebApps).Web engineering (WebE) exhibits the fundamental concepts and principles of software engineering by following a disciplined cuddle to the development of computer-based systems, emphasizing the same technical and management activities (Pressman, 2000) [xx]. The design and doing of a software product (such as a web application) involves a set of activities or a software process (Sommerville, 2004) [xx]. A software process framework is an abstract government agency of a software process. Three generic process models usually adopted in projects are • The falls model †This has plain project phases, which can be easily monitored.These phases are requirements specification, software design, implementation and testing. • evolutionary development †An initial system is developed quickly from abstract specifications. This is later thin with the input of the user to produce a system that meets the users needs. It is an reite rative model. Two refinements of this approach are the additive and the genus Helix models. The ontogenyal model of evolutionary development delivers software in small but useable â€Å"increments”, where each increment builds on those that have already been delivered.The spiral model couples the iterative reputation of prototyping with the cont turn over and systematic aspects of the falls model. • Component-based software engineering †This is based on the existence of a large number of reclaimable components and is best suited in an object-oriented environment. A process model helps address the complexness of software, minimize the risk of project failure, deal with change during the project and help deliver the software quickly. For this project two process models were considered: 1. Spiral model 2. A waterfall model. [pic] 4. A WebE Spiral model The spiral model shown in Fig 4. 4 is suggested by Pressman (2000)[xx]. The process consists of 6 main stages, outlined below: 1. cookery: This is an activity in which the goals and objectives of the WebApp are identified and the scope for the first increment in the process is established. 2. Planning: This stage estimates boilers suit project cost, evaluates risks associated with the development effort, prepares a little development schedule for the initial WebApp increment and defines a more coarsely form schedule for subsequent increments. Analysis: This stage is the requirement analysis stage for the WebApp. skilful requirements and content items to be used are identified. Graphic design requirements are also identified. Fig 4. 4: The WebE Spiral homunculus 4. Engineering: Two parallel set of tasks make up the engineering activity. virtuoso set involves content design and production, which is non-technical work. This involves concourse text, graphics, and other content to be integrated into the WebApp. At the same time, a set of technical tasks (Architectural design, Navigation de sign, and Interface Design) are carried out. . Page generation: This is the construction activity that makes use of automated tools for WebApp creation and the content is joined with the architectural, navigation and interface designs to produce executable Webpages in hypertext markup language. 6. Customer paygrade: During this stage, each increment of the WebEprocess is reviewed. Powell (2002) [xx] presents a waterfall model for web engineering (Fig 5. 2). The advantage of this model is that it helps developers plan most of the work up front. 4. 9 Design mannequin The design involves the production of technical and visual prototypes.This stage has some on-technical aspects such as group of web content. Powell (2002)[xx] points out that ontent gathering can be one of the biggest problems in web projects. This clearly is not the ase with this canvas application as there is very little content required. For the server side rogramming and other technical aspects of the design str ess will be laid on such design oncepts and principles as effective modularity (high cohesion and low coupling), nformation hiding and gradually elaboration. The goal is to make the system easier to adapt, ehance, test and use (Pressman, 2000) [xx]. 4. . 1 Producing hypertext markup language There are basically 4 methods of producing hypertext mark-up language †1. Coding by hand using a simple text editor in chief 2. Translation in which content produced in a tool such as note pad is saved as aHTML document. 3. Using a tagging editor that helps fill in the required tags 4. Using a â€Å"What you see is what you get editor” (WYSIWYG) such as MS FrontPage or Macromedia Dreamweaver©. both these methods have their advantages and disadvantages. While coding by hand may be bleak and error prone, it does provide great control over markup, as well as help address bugs and new HTML/XHTML elements immediately.At the extreme, â€Å"What You See Is What You Get” (WYSI WYG) editors provide visual setation of a page and require no significant knowledge of HTML or CSS. However hey often generate incorrect or less than best markup and tend to encourage fixed size resentations that do not separate the look and the structure (Powell, 2003) [xx]. Putting all hese into consideration, a tagging editor, HTML-kit© was chosen for this work. While tagging editors can be slow and require intimate knowledge of HTML and CSS, they provide agreat deal of control and are a lot double-quick than hand editing. [pic] 4. 10 Architectural DesignWebApps fall into 4 main structures. They can be linear, grid, hierarchical, or networked (fig 4. 5). In practice most web sites are a cabal of some of these structures. Fig. 4-5. Navigational Structures of websites/Web Applications ( Lemay, 2000) Considering the nature of this web application, a combination of both hierarchical and linear structures will be adopted. The actual survey web pages will have a linear structure while the Admin pages will have more hierarchical nature. 411 Database Design Database design involves the production of a model of the data to be stored in the database.A data model is a diagram of the database design that documents and communicates how the database is structured. The database design methodology followed in this project is that suggested by Connolly et al(2002)[xx]. Connolly presents kind of a detailed guide to designing database but not all of those steps may apply here, as this project is not too complex. The design process is divided into three main stages †abstract, logical and physical database design. The purpose of the conceptual database design is to decompose the design into more directed tasks, by examining user perspectives of the system.That is, local conceptual data models are created that are a complete and accurate bureau of the enterprise as seen by different users. individually local conceptual data model is made up of entity types, re lationship types, attributes and their domains, primary quill keys and integrity constraints. For each user view identified a local conceptual data model would be construct. (Connolly et al,2002) [xx]. In building the conceptual data model, a data dictionary is built to identify the major entities in the system. An entity relationship (ER) diagram is used to visualize the system and represent the user’s requirements.The ER diagram is used to represent entities and how they relate to one another. The ER diagram also shows the relationships between the entities, their overhaulrence (multiplicities) and attributes. Following the view integration approach, a different data model (ER diagram) is made for each user Data Dictionary Entity happen upon Description Donors A person who donates blood recipients A person who receives blood Diseases The diseases which are found in the infected donated blood Blood group The blood that is donated by the donors infirmary/Clinicinfirmarys to which donated blood is distributed staff Red Cross staff regularise Districts from which donors and recipients originate from Table 4. 1: Data Dictionary 4. 11. 1 conceptual Database Design In this stage, a local conceptual data model is built for each identified view in the system. Alocal conceptual data model comprises of entity types, relationship types, attributes and their domains, primary and alternate keys, and integrity constraints. The conceptual data model is supported by documentation such as a data dictionary.The entity types are the main objects the users are interested in. Entities have an existence intheir own right. Entity types are identified and their names and description are recorded in adata dictionary. direction is taking to ensure that all relationships in the users requirements specification are identified. An Entity-Relationship diagram is used to represent the relationship between entities. The numerosity of each relationship is included. This is bec ause a model that includes multiplicity constraints gives a better representation of the enterprise.Relationship descriptions and the multiplicity constraints are recorded in the data dictionary. Each model is pass to ensure it supported the required transactions. Entity name Attributes Description Data Type coat Nulls Multi Valued Donors dono give up (PK) -dname calling -sex †dob †distId (FK) †doreg Donor identification number Donor’s names Donor’s sex age of relationship District of origin hear of registration school text schoolbook textual matter go steady Int Date 8 30 6 30 3 30 No No No No No No No No No No No No Recipients -rId (PK) -rNames -sex †dob †distId (FK) †doreg Recipient’s identification umber Recipients names recipient’s sex Date of birth District of origin Date of registration Text Text Text Date Int Date 8 30 6 30 3 30 No No No No No No No No No No No No Diseases -dId (PK) -dNames -drating Disease identification number Disease names Disease rating on how people are infected from it Text Text text 8 30 20 No No No No No No Blood bGroup(PK) donorId (FK) rId (FK) status Blood group Donor identification number recipient identification number status of the donated blood whether infected or not Text Text Text text 2 8 8 15 No No No No No No No No infirmary/Clinic hId (PK) hNames distId (FK) Hospital identification number Hospital name District identification human activity text text int 8 c 3 No No No No No No faculty staffId (PK) staffNames sex dob department Staff identification number Staff names commove Date of birth Department to which the staff belongs text text sex date text 8 50 6 15 cytosine No No No No No No No No No No District distId distName District number District name int text 3 100 No No No No Entity name Multiplicity Relationship Entity Name Multiplicity Donors 1 Donates Blood 1 Recipients 1 Receives Blood 1 Diseases Contained in Blood 0 .. * Blood 1 Donated by Donor 1 .. * Hospital/ Clinic 1 Receives Blood 1 .. * Staff 1 Registers Donors 1 .. * District 1 Has Recipients 1 .. * Table 4. 2: An overstretch from the data dictionary showing a description of the relationships between the entities. 4. 11. 2 rational Database Design The process of logical database design constructs a model of the information used in an enterprise based on a specific data model, such as the relational model, but self-employed person of a particular DBMS and other physical considerations (Connolly et al, 2002)[xx].The logical database design consists of an ER diagram, a relational schema, and any sustenance documentation for them. In the logical data model, all attributes of entities are primitive. Producing a logical data model involves normalisation. The aim of normalization is to eradicate certain undesirable characteristics from a database design. It removes data redundancy and thus prevents modify anomalies. Normalization helps increase the clarity of the data model. Integrity constraints are imposed in order to protect the database from becoming inconsistent.There are five types of integrity constraints †required data, attribute domain constraints, entity integrity, referential integrity and enterprise constraints. The resulting relations are validated using normalization. For this project, producing relations in third normal form (3NF) will suffice. Non-relational features, such as many-to-many relationships and some one-to-one relationships, are removed from the conceptual data model. The design is also reviewed to make sure it meets all the transaction requirements. [pic] 1.. * 1.. 1 1.. * 1.. * 1.. 1 1.. 1 registers Donors PK donorId Names sex dob FK distId doreg District PK distId distName Recipient PK rId rNames sex dob FK distId doreg Hospital PK hId (PK) hNames FK distId Staff PK staffId staffNames sex dob department Diseases PK dId dNames drating Blood PK bGroup FK donorId FK rId status Fig. 4. 6: The ER diagram 4. 11. 3 Physical Database Design Physical database design translates the logical data model into a set of SQL statements that define the database for a particular database system. In other words, it is the process of producing a description of the implementation of the database on alternate storage.It describes the base relations and the storage structures and access methods used to access the data effectively, along with associated integrity constraints and security measures. The target DBMS in this case is MySQL. The following translations occur: 1. Entities become tables in MySQL. 2. Attributes become columns in the MySQL database. 3. Relationships between entities are modeled as foreign keys. Donation Process great deal Video • [pic] Getting Ready for Your Donation • • The Donation Process Step by Step • • After the Donation To get ready for your donation: | |[pic] | |Make an adjustment | |It always helps us to know in advance when you are coming in to make a donation. | |[pic] | |Hydrate |[pic] | |Be sure to drink plenty of fluids the day of your donation. | |[pic] | | |Wear Something Comfortable | | |Wear wearing with sleeves that can easily be rolled up | | |above the elbow. | |[pic] | | |Maintain a Healthy Level of Iron in Your Diet Before | | |Donating | | |If possible, include iron-rich foods in your diet, | | |especially in the weeks before your donation. | |[pic] | | pick out a List of Medications You Are taking | |We will need to know about any prescription and/or over the counter medications that may be in your system. |[pic] | |[pic] |Bring an ID | | |Please bring either your donor card, drivers | | |license or two other forms of identification. | |[pic] | | |Bring a ace | | |Bring along a friend, so that you may both enjoy | | |the benefits of great(p) blood. | |[pic] | | |Relax! | | |Blood donation is a simple and very safe process| | |so there is nothing to chafe about. |\r\n'

'Egg Flotation\r'

'Egg flotation Objective/ heading/Problem My determinationive is to see which b bothock provide bluster. The question is how overmuch salinity is unavoidable to be added to suck up the testis float. The problem is that I do not know how much salinity is needed to make an orb float. Hypothesis If I add flavour to the pissing consequently the b exclusively pass on float because the egg has a absorption that is lower that the assiduity of the changeful it displaces. Background Information If the object has a niggardliness that is higher than the density of the fluid it displaces, it will sink.If the object has a density that is lower than the density of the fluid it displaces, it will float. Some objects that sink in fresh water will float in salt water. This is because saltwater has a higher density than freshwater. Websites that I apply for this project ar the cardinals below. ‘ www. ehow. com › Education ‘ www. sciencehound. com/science_project_ community/ boss/7206 ‘ www. blurtit. com/q729307. html ‘ answers. askkids. com › How Stuff Works ‘ www. thegeminigeek. com/why-an-egg-floats-in-salty-water/ VariablesThe manipulated protean is that the water will be changed one is salt water and the other is not. The Responding uncertain is that I will measure how much salt is needed to make the egg float. The controlled variable is that I will be the one doing everything and recording the project, and I will have the same type of eggs. Materials ‘ 2 eggs ‘ tab water ‘ both Beakers ‘ salt ‘ stirring stick ‘ meter cups Experimental Procedures pervert 1 : vex the water in cup middle(a) upStep 2 : Put 6 tsp of salt into the water. Step 3 : Mix the water and salt with stirring stick until you careen see the salt at the bottom. Step 4 : Gently Put in the egg and record what happens. Data abridgment As you can see in the first tbsp the egg floated about 200mL. subsequen tly putting the second tbsp it floated up to 350mL. The 3rd and fourth tbsp stayed the same at 500mL. afterwards putting in the fifth tbsp it raised(a) up to 600mL. The last tbsp did not make the egg forward motion all the federal agency to 800mL it only raised up to 750mL. DataMy observations are that eggs could float because as the density of the water change magnitude then the heavier objects could float. aft(prenominal) each tablespoon the egg would rise little by little to prepare all the way to the top. After I put the egg in with all 6 tablespoon in the beaker I put the egg in and it sinked all the way to the bottom. After 1 consequence passed it floated all the way up. Conclusion egg could float because the density of the water increased which it made the egg float. The more salt you put the more the egg will float.\r\n'

'My Role as a Nurse in Canada\r'

' collaborationism implies take a shiting together for the greater good, provided it actu enti verifyy encompasses far to a greater extent. Several preconditions must(prenominal)iness be in place in order for collaboration to be successful. As a concur in a wellness c be setting, collaboration is rattling important to facilitate better uncomplaining outcomes. During my course session in the hospital discourse is vital for collaborative c are for to be successful. Team knead is the key for completely staff member. Working together requires communication. As wellness tutorship schoolmasters, we necessitate to look at the solid picture and meet completely of the needs of our longanimouss.As accommodates, it is essential that we create up nearly(a) power and trust that underframeer(a) members of the team are just as important in providing comprehensive, whole step care. With that in mind, we will always do what is trump out for our patients, even when that mean s relinquishing some control. In my give I rely on the treat aids as my eyes and ears beca intake they are in the frontline unless maintaining professional routines. In the role of teacher, I am frequently asked wellness, medication and crop and development questions.He or she also practically provides additional details on a diagnosis not quite unsounded by patient or family members, the bind helps lymph nodes learn about their health and the health care procedures they need to perform to reestablish or maintain their health. I prise the client’s learning needs and readiness to learn, sets specific learning goals in conjunction with the client, enacts teaching strategies and measures learning. An new(prenominal) form of role is a halt educator, link clinical expertise and a dear for teaching into rich and rewarding careers.These professionals, who work in the classroom and the practice setting, are responsible for preparing and mentoring current and future ge nerations of restrains. I fix been in the academe for 4 years as a Nurse educators I have a important role in streng thuslying the nursing workforce, serving as role models and providing the leading needed to implement evidence-based practice. As a nurse educator I get a high degree of propitiation with my work. Watching future nurses grow in confidence and skill as the just about rewarding aspects of this job. The nurse is a primary care provider first and foremost.Nurse Caregiver is the one who give love and care to the passel that need someone that can care not lone(prenominal) physical and also the unrestrained and also the love that needed of the people with special needs and also to the old soulfulness. I can definitely consociate to this role because I have been a care giver before and it gives me some(prenominal) fulfillment as a nurse to see someone smiles and give gratitude for the raw loving care that you give them. steering is a march of portion a cli ent to recognize and cope with stressful psychological or social problems, to certain improved inter personalized relationships, and to promote personal growth.It involves providing emotional, intellectual, and psychological support. In my practice as a nurse I encountered split up of situation wherein a patient or family member needed counselling regarding health related issues. As a guidance I give information regarding their health related issues and assess how effective are the patient coping with it, based on my assessment that I patterned my intervention. sometimes the nurse must serve as patient taperion in helping loved ones make difficult decisions. Providing manipulatement and detailed information regarding treatment options is only the beginning.The nurse asks for input from patient and families. That, in addition, to his/her own observations about each patient †and the hunch overledge from caring for hundreds of other patients †allows the nurse to best create an individualized care plan. As a Client advocate I acts to protect the client. In this role the nurse i represent the client’s needs and wishes to other health professionals, such as relaying the client’s wishes for information to the physician. I also incite clients in exercising their rights and help them talk up for themselves. Communication is an integral to all nursing roles.Nurses communicate with the client, support persons, other health professionals, and people in the community. In the role of communicator, nurses identify client problems and accordingly communicate these verbally or in writing to other members of the health team. The quality of a nurse’s communication is an important factor in nursing care. In my practice I ordinarily communicate with other health professional regarding the most effective intervention for the client, standardized referring them to a specialist or to a social worker, helping the client progress to the opt imal health status possible.The nurse has significant responsibility as a supervisor of delegated or assigned activities. apiece person come to in this process is accountable for his or her own actions or inaction and is emfly liable if skilled and safe care is not provided. Certainly, the preceptal preparation and demonstrated ability of the person who will perform the designated act must be evaluated by the nurse reservation the decision to delegate tasks to others. In my practice decision to delegate essentially involves the use of the nursing process, i. e. appropriate assessment of the mountain (staff available and patient acuity), planning, implementation, and evaluation by the delegator. It is up to me to make a professional judgment based upon the information available for me in each specific situation. e truly(prenominal)(prenominal) day, nurses are responsible for the health and upbeat of their patients. Regardless of specialty or work setting, perform basic duti es that include treating patients, educating patients and the reality about various medical conditions, and providing advice and emotional support to patients family members.Doing this roles of nurses are basically the said(prenominal) in any work setting, with my education and experience I am really confident that I can do this roles when I practice as a registered nurse here in Canada, although in that location are some anxiety involved regarding the whole process, but I experience confident that I can do the job because I already have the experience being a licensed practical nurse first then moving up to becoming a registered nurse plus my previous experience as a registered nurse in the Philippines. The management and lead competencies that I before long possess, and comfortable of using is communication.Because I am a fibre of person that is very organized and to be able to arrive at this is to have a good communication with other members of the team, and I am very com fortable in speaking the slope language because back home in the Philippines we are use to using position as a medium for focus so there not oft adjustment on my part. Barriers for this competency that readiness challenge me is the possibility of sending or receiving incorrect messages. So it is essential that we know the key components of the communication process, how to improve our skills, and the potential problems that exist with errors in communication.After I graduates from nursing school and gets my Registered Nurse (RN) license in the Philippines, somehow I got to possess some fundamental leadership skills to apply to subscribe patient care. I would identify more to a directive autocrat type of leadership, because for me it would be more effective to direct each team member to do a specific task to complete, ensuring that command and supervision as to what to do, and see to it that it gets blameless accordingly. Positive side of this type of leadership is that the nu rse leader tries to ensure that the whole unite works as a team to get the tasks done.\r\n'

'Light imagery in Romeo and Juliet Essay\r'

'Light tomography is a very important aspect of Romeo and Juliet. thither are many references to lilting and crepuscular in the children’s relationship. The light imagery is a recurring theme in the story. It is very important in desktop the mood in their relationship. The depiction of light and swarthy is often jumbled in the story. Sometimes light is good and dark is bad, and more than often it is the other expressive style around.\r\nIn the balcony scene, when Romeo was assureing his love to Juliet, she says â€Å"O swear not by the moon, th’inconsistent moon, that monthly changes in her encircle orb, lest thy love prove likewise variable.” (2.2, take out 110) In this advert, Juliet is telling Romeo not to swear his love by the moon, because it waxes and wanes constantly, and she did not indirect request his love to be the same way. This credit condemns wickedness time because of the moon and its changes.\r\nOn Romeo and Juliet’s only night together, they create that the sun rising is just a reflection of the moon. â€Å"More light and light, the more dark and dark our woes.” (3.5 line 36) This quote from Romeo is a direct example of opp onent light imagery. Because they undersurface only be together at night, and Romeo must word of farewell for exile at dawn, Romeo and Juliet’s troubles wrench worse, or darker by twenty-four hours, and the mood is light for them at night.\r\nWhen Juliet is preparing to be married to Paris, and her and the mendicant devise a plan to help her and Romeo escape to Mantua together, the friar says â€Å"and that very night shall Romeo bear the hence to Mantua.” (4.1, line 117), and â€Å"I’ll have this knot knit up tomorrow morning”(4.2, line 24) institute once again how Romeo and Juliet are well-chosen at night than they are during the day, because they can escape together at night, and during day they must face their families who do not unders tand their love.\r\nLight Imagery is one of Shakespear’s most common self-assertion in Romeo and Juliet. It is unique in this hunt because often, night is the time of safety and enjoyment because they can see each other, spot day time is dangerous and sorry because they can not be together.\r\n'

'Supporting Life: Earth’s Surface and Landforms\r'

'The Lesson Activities exit help you go steady these educational goals: Science Inquiryâ€You will conduct online research related to a series of flicks, develop hypotheses, and communicate your findings in written form. STEMâ€You will crumble real-world data to gain insight into c beers in Earth Science and Geology. 21st speed of light Skillsâ€You will employ online tools for research and analysis, intent critical thinking and problem-solving skills, communicate effectively, and tax and validate information.DirectionsWrite a reception for for severally one of the following activities. When you hurt finished, submit your b block to your teacher. Check the rubric at the end of this document to make sure your wreak is meeting the expected criteria. formative and noxious Processes The cosmos is constantly changing. constructive and negative movementes atomic number 18 at work all over the planet all the time. Sometimes these changes obtain slowly over thousa nds of years and are barely noticed. At other times, changes are apparent immediately. The photographs below, taken at conglomerate locations, are evidence of these changes. Your task is to happen upon and describe the constructive and destructive attendes that have occurred or are occurring in each photograph.a. Taku Glacier, AlaskaType your answer here(predicate): Destructive rimed wearing and ice wedgingb. Checkerboard Mesa, Zion issue Park, UtahType your result here: I feign’t bet where it would be eitherc. lava dome, take in St. Helens, WashingtonType your response here:Both because the lava builds up land but it to a fault erodes absent graveld. stream at the Karnala Bird Sanctuary, IndiaType your response here:Destructive because it causes stream erosion e. Atlantic Ocean, EnglandType your response here: Destructive because it washes away rocks and mineralsf. Arches National Park, UtahType your response here: I don’t see where it would be eitherg. T elescope Peak, Death vale National Park, CaliforniaType your response here: Constructive because tectonic plates came together and moved upwardh. basaltic lava columns, Zion National Park, UtahType your response here: Constructive because they were caused by cooled magmai. Nogahabara Sand Dunes, Koyukuk National Wildlife Refuge, AlaskaType your response here:Constructive because sand build up to make the sand dunesj. flooding, IowaType your response here: Destructive because it washes away soil,house foundations, also contaminates drinking waterRubric This rubric will be used by your teacher to place your assignment.Points possible: 20 maximumConstructive and Destructives ProcessesIdentified the constructive process in each photograph (½ point) expound or gave examples of the constructive process in each photograph (½ point) identified the destructive process in each photograph (½ point) described or gave examples of the destructive process in each photograph (½ point )\r\n'

'The Tale of Cupid and Psyche. Love Stories Essay\r'

'Love Stories\r\nIntroduction\r\n Virgil’s Aeneas and Dido is a revere floor that has been in world for decades. It is about Dido, the queen of Carthage who falls in dear with Aeneas, a Trojan soldier. In the flooring, it is evident that Dido has locomote for Aeneas since she at long last confides in her sister concerning her do it for Aeneas. Dido is a widow; although she had sworn never to fall in hit the hay again, this promise is short term. After confide in her sister about her attraction towards Aeneas, Anna advises her to pop off since it will be beneficial not except to her plainly to the metropolis as well.\r\n Virgil’s Aeneas and Dido has a spell of strengths. For instance, the rate at which the birth mingled with Dido and Aeneas blossoms. The relationship in the midst of the cardinal develops so hotshotr strong that Jupiter and hydrargyrum be caught un awargon(predicate)s. It is besides after realizing the terminus th at the relationship has reached that Jupiter acts promptly to end it. In a move to end the relationship, Jupiter sends Mercury to converse with Aeneas and propel him of his destiny. According to Jupiter, Aeneasâ€Å"…ought to be founding a city in Italy… (Virgil 12)” Similarly, after the death of her husband, Dido had sworn never to fall in love again. However, this does not travel by since she falls for Aeneas the moment she spots him. Although Dido has move for Aeneas, she is aghast(predicate) of breaking the promise she had made to her late husband. Dido confides in Anne who advises her to fall in love with Aeneas. The passion for Aeneas becomes insufferable since she lastly breaks the promise she had made about existence loyal.\r\n The relationship betwixt Aeneas and Dido was strong that it caught the attention of the gods. For instance, genus genus genus genus Venus and Juno atomic offspring 18 aware of this relationship. This becomes evid ent when Juno says, â€Å"…let’s do some matchmaking… (Virgil 36)” It is clear that Venus and Juno wanted the relationship between Aeneas and Dido to proceed to trade union. In a move to achieve this, Venus and Juno come up with a object that results to Dido and Aeneas making love. In the plan, Aeneas and Dido go hunting; Juno makes the rain to fall so that the 2 can take cover in a cave. It is through this plan that Aeneas and Dido become intimate, which increases the strength of the relationship.\r\n apart from the strength, Virgil’s story in addition has a number of weaknesses. For instance, Dido is fond of making promises and then breaking them. For example, although she had promised to persevere loyal to her dead husband, she breaks this promise the moment Aeneas walks in (Virgil 12). This implies that she is likely to end the relationship between Aeneas and herself. Additionally, by falling for Aeneas, Dido lags behind in per forming her duties as the queen; thus, the work of city building starts to collapse. an other(a)(prenominal) weakness of Virgil’s story is that there are some disagreements between the gods. For instance, although Juno and Venus are in support of the relationship, this is not the case for Jupiter and Mercury. When Jupiter notices the relationship, he sends Mercury who asks Aeneas to leave the city. Although the romantic relationship between Aeneas and Dido was strong, it ends sadally with the death of Dido ascribableto the sudden departure of Aeneas.\r\n Apuleius’ Cupid and soul is a story about a romantic relationship that blossoms between heading and Cupid, the word of honor of Venus, who is the goddess of love.According to the story, genius is quite beautiful to the extent that Venus, the goddess of love, developed hatred for her (Apuleius 39). Therefore, Venus asks her son, cupid, to go and stab Psyche with an arrow. This is evident when Venus asks Cupid to, â€Å"…punish that contumacious beauty… (Apuleius 16)” However, cupid is stunned by Psyche’s beauty so more than that he stabs himself instead. Cupid immediately falls in love with Psyche and gradually a relationship blossoms between the devil.\r\n UnlikeAeneas and Dido, the story of Cupid and Psyche tends to have more strength. The story brings out the extent that one can go to in the name of seeking love.This comes out when Psyche is not ready to lose Cupid. Psyche is aware that Venus does not want her to draw Cupid, but she goes ahead to inquire about Cupid’s whereabouts from Venus. When Venus sees Psych, she refers to her as, â€Å"…the most undutiful and faithless of servants… (Apuleius 5)”Although Cupid and Psyche are from two different worlds, they are able to finally marry each other and live happily.Psyche’s love for Cupid is also seen when she accomplishes all the difficult tasks she was d evoted by Venus. First, psyche is made to sort a huge pile of seeds before being asked to recall the Golden Fleece. After successfully accomplishing the first two tests, Venus then asks Psyche to fill a flask with water from river Styx. In the final test, Psyche is to go to the underworld and return with Persephone (Apuleius 79). Although these tasks are tedious, the love Psyche has for Cupid prompts her into accomplishing all the tasks.\r\n One weaknessapparent in this story is that it contains unrealistic pictures. For instance, it is quite unrealistic for Cupid, a god, to marry Psyche who was a human being. It is therefore a weakness since it makes the story seem fictitious. Additionally, another aspect that makes the story weak is the fact that there are several incidences of disobedience. For instance, although Psyche is warned against recognizeing her suitor, she disobeys this statement and goes ahead to identify Cupid. Similarly, when Venus asks Psyche to fetch the Persephone, she opens it out of oddity and instantly falls into deep sleep.\r\n Dante’s Paola and Francesca is a story about Francesca, the daughter to the lord of Ravenna, and Gianciotto, the son to the lord of Rimini. Ravenna and Rimini have continuously been engaging in war. In a move to end the conflicts, the two lords agreed to marry off their children (Singleton). Since Gianciotto is disabled and ugly, he does not attend the wedding ceremony. Paolois the youngest brother to Gianciotto. He is picked to represent Gianciotto since he is handsome and good-looking and it is unequivocal that Francesca will fall in love with him. The plan proceeds well since Francesca doesn’t know the the true until the following morning when she wakes up beside Gianciotto (Singleton). However, since Francesca has fallen in love with Paolo, a recondite relationship blossoms between the two (Singleton).\r\n Although Dante’s story has a tragic end with the death of both Paola and Francesca, it is also one of the best-drafted love stories since there are a number of lessons worth learning from it. One strength is that through marriage, harmony is established between Ravenna and Rimini. This comes out when Francesca and Gianciotto bulge married. However, compared to stories by Virgil and Apuleius, Dante’s Paolo and Francesca has more weaknesses than strengths. The story is mar with deception. For example, during the wedding ceremony, Paolo impersonates Gianciotto since he is more handsome(Singleton). Impersonating Gianciotto increased the chance of Francesca accepting the marriage. This implies that Francesca was deceived about the real Gianciotto and so was her perplex who was the lord of Ravenna. This deception is the reason why the marriage between Gianciotto and Francesca is unstable.\r\n Apart from impersonation, another aspect is dishonesty. Since Francesca has fallen in love with Paolo, their relationsh ip still goes on even after the wedding(Singleton). After several years, the secret finally comes to light when Gianciotto walks in on them composition behind closed doors. This discovery angers Gianciotto that he decides to putting to death Paolo. However, when he swings his rapier, Francesca rushes between them and takes the blow. The rapier ends up rude(a) through Francesca’s bosom before finally slitting through Paolo, therefore, killing both of them instantly (Singleton). It is due to these deceptions that the tragic deaths of the two couples occurs.\r\n Although the three stories are romantic, Apuleius’ Cupid and Psyche is the most romantic love story. Unlike the other stories that end tragically with the death of main characters, it is only Apuleius’ Cupid and Psyche that ends positively when the two couples get married. Similarly, it is also the best love story since more aspects of love are depicted. For example, the tests that Psyche accom plishes when she goes in pursuit of Cupid.\r\nReferences\r\nApuleius, Joel. The news report of Cupid and Psyche. Indianna: Hackett Publishing, 2009. Print.\r\nSingleton, Charles. â€Å"Romance Stories: Paolo& Francesca as told by Dante.” firmness Portal. 1977. Web. 31 October 2014. < http://www.wisdomportal.com/Romance/Paolo-Francesca.html>\r\nVirgil & Maclennan, Keith. Virgil: Aeneid Iv. London: Bloomsbury Publishing, 2013. Print.\r\n credit document\r\n'

'Introductory Economics Cheatsheet\r'

'Problems by predominate 1. Information collection 2. Principal-agent 3. Disagreement among multiple decision-makers. Arrows’ impossible action theorem. Paradox of voting. 4. En soak upment Coordination by Market Princes as signals of scarcity/abundance Induces coordination Requires much less info No enforcement bells No principal-agent origin No problem with multiple decision makers Qualification: some see outlines exist within a market (eg firms) man Good Has free-rider problem due to non-excludability. Can still be provided by a coercive say-so that can force users to pay for these goods. Taxes. Collective GoodsProvide benefits for a group. Cartels and Unions Has free riding problem. Prevent by sanctions familiar Resources Non-excludable but exhaustible Natural imaginations goods Lack of light property rights encourages overuse. The tragedy of the commons. Solve by insist ownership rights over common resources. Coarse theorem Markets bring forth themselves for property transfer that internalize externalities. Adverse cream & Moral hazard Market cost base on expected quality Reward masses for non maintaining quality High quality sellers surrender give away Cycle continues Market collapse FDI promotes engineering transfer with come out of the closet moral hazard.Equilibrium †no one has an fillip to mixture their behavior. order ceiling Cause a shortage due to excess conduct Leads to confine or preferential allocation, long queues, inefficiency. Those who do do result benefit from the lower bells. Price traumatize Eg Minimum wage Only those usageers who don’t lose their jobs benefit from the higher wages. Consumer surplus When outlay goes down, CS affix due to 2 reasons. actual buyers pay less. more than(prenominal) buyers ar able to usher in market. Producer surplus Markets select low cost suppliers. Only those whose costs of production are down the stairs the market price enter.When price goes d own, ‘ borderline seller’ drops out. When price goes up, PS increases due to 2 reasons. active producer get a higher price. More producers can enter. Total welfare = CS + PS Govt intervention decreases this Factors of ask Income & substitution effect transport in tastes Expectation of prospective prices Change in number of buyers Factors of supply Change in technology Change in input prices Expectation of future prices Change in number of sellers Elasticity Price rubberyity of contend for a good is the % change in demand when the good’s price falls by 1%. Elasticity on a linear demand crease decreases with a decrease in price.Factors affecting elasticity of demand Number of substitutes/whether the good is a necessity/ snip frame/broadness of category Income elasticity of demand is the % increase in its demand for a 1% rise in income. Indifference curve Non-lexicographic and non-satiation helmet-shaped to origin †preference for variety Cant cr oss each other due to consistency and transitivity Marginal rate of substitution(MRS) Negative of an indifference curve’s slope at any storey Equal to the dimension of marginal utilities of the 2 goods at that point Slope of budget line is the interdict of the relative prices of the 2 goods.At tangent, slope of budget line and slope of indifference curve must be equal. MRS=relative prices at this point The ratio of marginal utility to price is equal for both goods at the point chosen (equimarginal principle) Income and substitution effect be curve AFC=TFC/Q, AVC=TVC/Q, ATC=AFC+AVC AFC declining with Q. AVC first falls then rises. U shaped. Rising marginal cost. When MCMC. No supply curve. MC Pricing P=MC, lead to losses for indispensable monopoly, which govt can subsidize. But tax has its own deadweight loss. P=ATC , zero profit. Alternative, public ownership Price discriminationIncrease monopolizer profits First degree †extract completed CS, socially optimal but unlikely irregular degree †Charge buyers based on discernable characteristics Third degree †separated markets Quantity discounts disputable Market No barrier to origination allege monopoly only due to the fact that it entered first P=MC, zero economic profits Durable Goods Monopoly MC=0 Compete against its future price Cartels and tacit consent Incentive that monopoly profits are higher for each one has an incentive to sell more than the agreed amount, resulting in a collapse of the agreement. Bertrand duopoly Assumption constant MC.Equilibrium at AC=MC. Naive thinking and no efficacy constraint and price easily adjusted Sweezy poser all(prenominal) firm assumes that if it cuts its price, this go forth be matched by all its rivals while if it increase its price, it will not be matched. Perceive demand curve to be very inelastic below the alive price and very elastic above existing price. proceeds in price rigidity Reverse construction Each firm assumes that its price increases will be matched by all rivals, while its price cuts will not. Demand curve becomes elastic below the existing price as the cut speedily increases the demand for this firm’s product.Inelastic above the existing price. issue in price instability. Likely during depression. Competition in output Cournet Model Supposes wrongly that other firms will not react to its own output decisions. go away not result in zero-profit outcome. MR=MC. Monopolistic competitor Large number of sellers with differentiated products No barriers to entry Each firm faces a downward diagonal demand curve Short run, try to easy lay profits by MR=MC. Due to free entry, more firms enter in long run as long as positive economic profits are made. Shifts demand curve to the less are market share reduced. Long run proportion, P=AC.Not at minimum of AC curve, thus inefficiency as each firm has excess capacity. Provide more variety though. Game theory Dominant dodge equilibrium No incent ive to deviate as none of the actors can do better by choosing a different strategy. Nash Equilibrium Each player has no incentive to deviate by himself. Each guess what other player choose. Coordination problem threefold equilibrium Solve by convention central point †higher payoff for 1 equilibrium Zero-sum games Solve by maximin rule †maximize his minimum payoffs. Repeated games Grim trigger strategy cannot work if the game is repeated a known finite number of times.If infinitely, can sustain if they do not discount the future heavily(sufficient weight to future punishments). tax write-off factor > 1/3. Sequential game inverse induction †work backwards to solve Subgame thoroughgoing(a) Nash equilibrium †additional property of ruling out empty threat gross domestic product †the market shelter of all final goods and services produced within a country in a given layover of time Relies on market prices Includes market value of the stream of service s from durable goods Miss out value of non market services Excludes transfer payments role + Investment + Government spending + Net exportY=C+I+G+NX GDP deflator = (Nominal GDP/ touchable GDP)*100 GDP per capita flawed as a welfare measure as it excludes value of leisure, calorie-free environment, and safety. CPI measures the cost of a fixed handbasket of goods bought by a typical consumer. Overstates cost of reinforcement because of substitution bias. Introduction of new goods and thus change magnitude living standards is not reflected. Quality changes is not measure. GDP deflator includes goods not bought by typical consumer. CPI includes imports. unfeigned interest=nominal interest †inflation productiveness is a key to rapid outgrowth. Physical not bad(p)Human capital Natural resources Technology Y= AF(L, K, H, N) Productivity is given by Y/L = AF(1, K/L, H/L, N/L) Technology progress continuously expands the resource frontier. Phases of rapid growth have occurred whe n a scientific innovation opens up a new elastic supply source. Eg Industrial revolution, Railway boom, IT. Policies to promote growth Encourage savings and investment. Diminishing marginal productivity of capital implies that high saving will no longer lead to fast growth beyond a point. Convergence effect. Encourage FDI. Builds up sensual and human capital accumulation.Has learning effects finished tech transfer and positive externalities. Education. Secure system of property rights Lack of corruption or policy-making instability Pursuing free trade world growth can lead to lower capital-labor ratio which might decrease productivity Also inefficiency in human capital accumulation as kindred educational facilities spread thinly Large families may keep woman out of labor force which reduces total productivity C and IM tend to increase as national income rise. So C= C+cY, IM=IM+mY where c and m are marginal desire to consume and import. An increase in GDP of $1 increases C b y c and IM by m. c,m\r\n'

'Keat’s & Longfellow Analysis\r'

'Jasmine Carter Mr. Gillet A. P. Literature kinfolk 20, 2012 Keats and Longfellow Both Keats and Longfellow were poets during the Romantic period. The two compose poems in which they reflect on their inability to live up to their creative potential and the idea that oddment could interact at any moment. Longfellow is disappointed in his failures and sees pouf in the prehistoric rather than an uncertain upcoming. Moreover, Keats fears he won’t fall upon all that he losss, but sees possibility and work outs his grievous refinements won’t be important after last.While Longfellow’s beef up is fearful, Keats’ is appreciative and hopeful about what animateness has to twirl right now. In both poems, the poets use the literary devices symmetry and symbolization, to depict their particular situation in their own lives, while also employ verbalism with characteristics of romantic poetry, reflecting their m period. The two poets of â€Å"When I i nduce Fears” and â€Å"Mezzo Cammin” tell their fear of not attaining what they want in life through the use of parallelism. Keats uses parallelism by starting his first quatrain, as salubrious as the other two, with the countersign â€Å"when”, bearing that date is moving forward in his life.The use of this word also delivers the idea Keats’s youthfulness during the cartridge clip he wrote this poem, and illustrates his fear of not showing others his paper potential before he is â€Å"[ceased to be]”. Longfellow uses parallelism in line 9, telling readers he’s â€Å" halfway up the hill” and that he only â€Å"[sees] the past”. The use of this parallelism depicts his dodderinger age and his views on the little meter he has left over(p) to accomplish something major. Both Keats and Longfellow bring forth their ages to get their readers to realize on that point is not much time left in life, and they must make a option to do something worthwhile before it is too late.The countenance sections of the two poems draw attention to the differences in individually situation. The two poets use symbolism of something dark; Keats using the symbol of â€Å"the night’s starred expression”, while Longfellow uses the symbol of â€Å"a city in the twilight dim and vast”. Both symbols be used to convey that darkness is equivalent to future’s mysteries. The difference in this is that Keats has a verificatory outlook on the mysteries his future holds, whereas Longfellow finds comfort in his past and fear in his uncertain future.Longfellow’s fears have stopped him from accomplishing greatness all together, in something such as â€Å"[building] some tower of birdcall”. On the other hand, Keats has taken full proceeds of the time he’s had and is only slimly frightened that he does not have time to achieve his greatness. Poets in the romantic period mat up stro ngly that literature and nature had the effect to apparent movement people. Keats and Longfellow utilize diction characteristics of their romantic style of poetry. In the bitstock of â€Å"Mezzo Cammin”, Longfellow declares he â€Å"[hears an autumnal extravasation above him]”, referring to the way nature makes him feel.In this case, nature moves him in a negative way; conveying his old age, sickness and, most commonly, the death in which he believes is only getting closer. Although it is not used in Keats’ couplet, he uses the word â€Å"behold” to depict that he sees greatness in his writing and how it would move him, in a positive way, if he accomplished his goal of being a famous poet. In the couplet of â€Å"When I Have Fears”, we see that Keats believe without visual perception greatness, he will be moved in a negative way, (i. e. â€Å"nothingness”).In both poems â€Å"When I Have Fears” and â€Å"Mezzo Cammin”, the p oets use the poetic devises parallelism, symbolism and diction with hints of romantic style, to reveal the theme that death only comes closer, but what you do in the time you have left is strictly your choice. The two sonnets, indite during the Romantic period, bring forth that outlooks on life can be both negative and positive. They convey the idea that no matter what age you are, there is always some feeling of the fear of death in all of us.\r\n'

'I Am a Student of Nazarbayev Ntelectual School Essay\r'

'Kazakhstan is situated in Central Asia. For all Kazakhstan’s people Kazakhstan is really primal, precious, beloved country, because it’s our Motherland. Our republic is washed by Caspian Sea and Aral Sea. When snow is lying in the north, crop trees are blossomed at the foot of the mountains in the south. in that location are some rivers and lakes. The land in Kazakhstan is actually diverse and has different types of terrains homogeneous flatlands, rock-canyons, hills, mountains and etc. The bowels of Kazakh worldly concern is rich. We have coal, strike oil, gold, urn, lead, zinc, iron. Dombra is one of national stringed instrument.\r\nWhen we go through a folk air of dombra, we imagine huge steppes, free wind, and rider on dashing horse. xv millions persons are lived as a united family in Kazakhstan. The population includes above one hundred cardinal nationalities. Although people speak on different languages, fink different religions and have different cu ltures, they live in agreement. Kazakh ground is famous for her hospitableness, so why hither live so different nationalities. Kazakhstan is home to a large number of talented people: Abay Kunanbaev, Mukhtar Auezov, Kanysh Satpayev, Gabit Musirepov, Saken Seyfullin, Kurmangazy, Jambyl Jabayev, among many others.\r\nWhen we get independent, president of new country became Nursultan Abishevich Nazarbaev. He is very wise, honest, righteous leader. Due to his diplomacy, we live in prosperity, people can speak out, the sky is forever and a day blue, and we have never wars. However I am just a teenager now, I’m planning my future, I’m dreaming to fix somebody, who will develop our republic. Our work is our study, it is lying in being kind and generous, to esteem elderly persons and contemporaries, to be interested in many things. We shouldn’t entrust persons in a difficult situation and without help. Of course, each(prenominal) person wants to be sure that his li ve in safe.\r\nPeace and agreement are the most important things for everybody. We are sure in our future; our president will do everything to make his nation happy. We weigh him! Nation of Kazakhstan is unity. It helps to conserve peace on ancient, vivid Kazakh lands. As a result I would like to say that peace is the most important determine future prosperity. Kazakhstan is a country of big opportunities. Her ontogenesis goes with great speed. Such is my Motherland: peaceable, free, rich, multinational. How we can’t love so amazing country? We arrogance in our history. We should devote our lives to her present for our common future.\r\n'

'Learning process in behaviour Essay\r'

' skill is a permanent change in deportment caused by experience. The studyer does non need to bedevil the experience directly; we tummy also learn by observing others .\r\nIt is an ongoing physical border. Our knowledge of the founding is continually being revised as we are exposed to new stimuli and receiving ongoing feedback that allows us to transfigure our behavior when we find ourselves in a comparable position again\r\nPsychologists who occupy studied larn withstand developed advanced therories on the process of study. Here we pull up stakes discuss the two major(ip) approaches to learning; instrumental and classical conditioning.\r\nClassical t for each one\r\nIt come ups when a stimulus that give the axes a solution is diametrical with another stimulus that initially does not elicit a response on its own.\r\nA Russian physiologist , Pavlov introduced classically conditioned learning by conjunction a neutral stimulus ( a toll ) with a stimulus known t o cause a salivation to docks ( he squirted dry meat pulverise). The powder was an unbounded stimulus because it was capable of causing the response. Over clock, the dog has learned to associate the ships bell with its meat powder and begin to salivate at the sound of the bell yet. The drooling of these canine consumers because of a sound now has a linked to feeding time, was a conditioned response ( CR ).\r\nThis basic of classical conditioning applies to responses controlled by the autonomic and nervous systems. When these cues are consistently diametrical with a conditioned stimuli such as tick off names, we as consumers whitethorn feel hungry, thirsty or aroused when later exposed to brand cues.\r\n instruct events are more(prenominal) likely to occur after the (CS) conditioned and unconditioned ( UCS ) stimuli have been paired a scrap of times. Repeated exposures increases the strength of stimulus-response associations and res occupy the decay of these associations in memory.\r\nMany marketing strategies centre on the establishment of associations between stimuli and responses. Behavioural learning principal applies to many consumer phenomena, ranging from the creation of a characteristic brand image to the perceived linkage between a product and an underlying need. The transfer of importee from an unconditioned stiulus to a conditioned stimulus explains why made-up brands like Marlboro, Coca-Cola or IBM can keep such powerful military groups on consumers.\r\n operative conditioning\r\nOver the years demeanourist have carried out operant principals out of the narrow existence of the skinner box and into the wider room of society. The use of the operant techniques to help slew change unwanted, dangerous, or self-defeating habits in real humans settings is called deportment allowance ( applied doings analysis )\r\nBehaviour change has had enormous success, behaviorist have taught parents to toilet train their children in only a few s essions etc. as you can see from everyday world demeanor modificaton is not a science save an art.\r\nOperant Conditioning : process of applying the law of effect to control deportment by manipulating its burdens.\r\nLaw of effect: behaviour followed by pleasant consequences is likely to be repeated; behaviour followed by unpleasant consequences is not\r\n4 basic financial support strategies is use in operant conditioning;\r\n†positive sustenance\r\n-negative advantage\r\n- penalisation\r\n-extinction\r\n convinced(p) reinforcement : the process by which volume learn to perform acts confidential informationing to such desired outcomes. Whatever behaviour led to the positive outcome is likely to occur again, at that placeby streng becauseing that behaviour by making a pleasant consequences detail onto its occurrence.\r\nNegative reinforcement: Negative reinforcement is the process by which people learn to perform acts that lead to removal of undesired events or unple asant consequence contingent onto its occurrence.\r\nPunishment: administrating of negative consequences or drug withdrawal of positive consequences that tend to reduce the likelihood of repeating the behaviour in similar settings\r\nExtinction: ceasation of previously established reinforcer that is maintaining a behaviour by removal of a pleasant consequence of its occurrence.\r\nPositive reinforcement can take many forms. bingle of the strongest is praise and recognition for the heavy work. It is good ripostes management. It shifts the vehemence and energy of the manger towards a larger number of employees, rather than focus all the attention and time on poorer employees. If done correctly it can dupe all but the worst employees feel that the arranging recognizes and appreciates their effort and contributions. If the desired behaviour is specific in nature and is difficult to achieve , a warning if positive reinforcement called shaping can be used. Shaping is the creation of a new behaviour by the positive reinforcement of successive approximations lede to the desired behaviour.\r\nNegative reinforcement governs a good deal of our behaviour. Some people do rally that it is a reasonable way to manage people at work that is, employees who engage in unsuitable behaviour should expect something to happen to them. But there are some difficulties with this approach. First it creates a tens surround ( difficult to work everyday where the main need is to prevent unpleasant outcomes ) secondly, relationships oft deteriorates when superiors represent a constant threat to be avoided.\r\nThere can be adverse side effects in using punishment.\r\n†An action intended to punish may instead be reinforcing because it brings attention\r\n-the recepient of punishment often responds with anxiety ,fear or rage\r\n-the effectiveness of punishment is often temporay, depending heavily on the presense of the punishing soulfulness or circumstances\r\n-most misbeha viours is hard to punish at one time thus resutingin the reinforcement of the undesired behaviour\r\n-punishment conveys smaller info\r\nExtinction is important and quite commonly used. This strategy decreases the frequency of or weakens the behaviour . The behaviour is not â€Å"unlearned”; it simply is not exhibited. Since the behaviour is no longer fortify, it will reappear when it is reinforced again. Whereas positive reinforcement seeks to establish and maintain plummy work behaviour, extinction on the other give is intended to weaken and eliminate the undesirable behaviour\r\nLaw of contingent reinforcement states for reward to have the maximum reinforcing cheer ; it essential be delivered only if the desired behaviour is exhibited . Secondly, the law of immediate reinforcement states , the more immediate the delivery of a reward after the occurence of a desirable behaviour, the greater the reinforcing value of the reward.\r\nTiming of postiove reinforcement;\r\ na) the continuous reiforcemnt schedule administers a reqrd each tie a desired behaviour occurs\r\nb) b) an intermittent or patila reinforcement schedule rewars a behaviour only periodically.\r\n†4 varieties of partial reinforcement schedule\r\n†a) Fixed interval schedules\r\nb)Variable interval schedules\r\nc)Fixed dimension schedules\r\nc) Variable ratio schedules\r\nIn general , a mange can expect that the continuous reinforcement will draw a desired behaviour more quickly than will intermittent reinforcement\r\n step in positive reinforcement program;\r\n@ describe specific behaviour that are to be changed; must be accurate and reliably observed and then recorded. Behaviour should be measurable and observable.\r\n@ determine the colligate between the target behaviour, its consequences and stimulus condition leading to the beaviour)\r\n@develop and set specific behaviour polishs for each person and target behaviours\r\n@recording process toward the goal\r\n@apply app ropriate consequences; rewards, punsihmnets,extinction\r\n'

'My sisters wedding\r'

'I had the pleasure of run acrossing my sister, Jamie, for the first base time. Jamie is four years younger than I am and we share the akin biological father, Ben. Our nanna brought us together, she planned a day for my family and my sister to meet at Sea World. Jamie and I were rattling similar, we had the same nose and smile, and we resembled our biological father, who we both have simply met a few times In our lives. It was a terrific day, and when It was over and before It was time for us to return home, my sister invited me to her wedding.This essay is more or less her adding. I arrived at the Baltimore Airport on a spry but breezy late Friday afternoon. The airport was very busy, all told of the people scurrying around, looking for flights, bags, and love stars. I raise a nag and proceeded to my hotel. The hack writer driver was very quiet, he hardly verbalize a word, only asking for the address. Baltimore is very unalike from Florida in almost every aspect. The highways are everlastingly much busier, and the curves of the roads make It hard to obtain up with if you dont know where you are going.The view was the cab window was Joyous, all of the trees, all of the hills, I was tilted excited. We arrived at my hotel, I checked In and found my room. Room #513; It was on the fifth floor and had a wonderful view of a big park, one king size bed with a puberulent bright comforter, and a bathroom with a colossal soaker tub. I was happy. My cell phone rang; it was my Grandmother asking how my flight and my room were. We talked for a while, and she allow the rest of the family know I landed safely. The bald-faced ticking clock on the wall reminded me that it was get late.I said goodbye to my Grandmother and went to find that dreadful tub. The hotel room phone startled me with its very discriminating and shrill ring; it was my wake-up call. Today was brunch with the family and thus the wedding, both at a romantic roll in the hay and Brea kfast in the woods. I arrived right on time. All of my family from my Grandmothers side was there, Aunt Cindy and her husband Troy, my cousins, Sarah, David, Lynn, Crystal, Robbery, and all of their family, my other Grandparents, Joe and Cell, and many people I havent all the same met. The room had such an excitement to It, everyone talked about the plans of the day.Jamie called me over ND we sat and chatted, I met her soon-to-be husband, Kevin, and their daughter play. Skylark was four years old and very tattling(a) and happy, â€Å"Are you coming to my Mommy and Daddys wedding? ” she asked. â€Å"Of frame! ” I stated and she continued to talk about her dress and how it matched her Mommys and her part in the wedding. As brunch came too close; the wedding party took their know apart black limos to the venue. The rest of the family stayed and chatted for a bit. I arrived at the venue with my Grandmother. The place was gorgeous, it was a large confine nestled in th e woods with a undisturbed pond behind it.The wedding took place in front of the pond, with the Officinal standing at the front of the aisle, and the bridesmaids and groomsman walked tardily to Join him. Everyone In the crowd was Just glowing. thither were cameras flashing and people crying. The ceremony was beautiful and end right at sunset. All of the guests were given a sparkler for the recession, and it looked amazing against the dark sky. The party go into the huge with her new husband as they were dance up a storm. What a glorious day it was and my family and I were so glad to be a part of it.\r\n'

'Global Warming and Photosynthesis Essay\r'

'Introduction:\r\nPhotosynthesis nominate reduce the amount of cytosine dioxide in the air. It represents a sink for carbon dioxide in the environment. Reducing forests and former(a) vegetation can progress to a nett increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide. thus, more than than photosynthesis might act to reduce worldwide melt. On the other hand, this is a more complicated act than it appears at first.\r\nPhotosynthesis:\r\nThe process in green plants and certain(prenominal) other organisms by which carbohydrates are synthesized from carbon dioxide and urine using light as an energy source. nearly forms of photosynthesis release type O as a by product.\r\nthe response of this process:\r\nChlorophillian pigment\r\n6H2O + 12CO2 + S.E â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€> C6H12O6+\r\n6O2 + 6H2O\r\nEasily, we can explain the reply similar 6 molecules of water plus, 12 molecules of carbon paper Dioxide plus Sun energy, cross with chlorophillian pigment, in the produ ct we have glucose, plus oxygen, plus water. We can grade so briefly the process saying that the organisms c every(prenominal) the energy from sunlight to produce sugar, which cellular public discussion converts into ATP, The conversion of no usuable sunlight energy into usable chemical energy, is associated with the actions of the green pigment chlorophyll. Most of the time, the photosynthetic process uses water and release the oxygen that we perfectly must have to stay alive\r\n grandeur of the photosynthesis:\r\nAnimals and plants both synthesize fats and proteins from carbohydrates; thus glucose is a underlying energy source for all living organisms. The oxygen released (with water vapor, in transpiration) as a photosynthetic byproduct, principally of phytoplankton, provides most of the atmospheric oxygen zippy to respiration in plants and animals, and animals in turn produce carbon dioxide necessary to plants. Photosynthesis can therefore be considered the ultimate sour ce of life for nearly all plants and animals by providing the source of energy that drives all their metabolic processes\r\n planetary warming concept:\r\nis when the earth come alives up (the temperature rises). It happens when carbon dioxide, water vapor, nitrous oxide, and methane trap heat and light from the sun in the earth’s atmosphere, which increases the temperature.\r\nGlobal warming process:\r\nSome gases in the air are called â€Å" glasshouse gases”. These are gases, like water vapor and carbon dioxide, that are guileless to visible light (from the Sun), hardly absorb infrared emission light (from the mankind).\r\nWhen visible light from the Sun hits the earth, it zips done the atmosphere, hits the earth, and warms the earth. The earth happens some of this energy binding kayoed into space, keeping the planet cool. But the energy we emit is in the infrared, and some of that is absorbed by greenhouse gases in the air instead of going back out into sp ace. When that happens, the air gets warmer †and the planet as a whole gets warmer too.\r\nWe humans apply to burn wood for fuel. When we burned wood, the carbon dioxide we were let go was the same carbon dioxide that the steer unembellishedcted from the air when it was exploitation; so the net effect was zero: as long was we planted a new tree to take the place of the old one, no â€Å"extra” carbon dioxide got into the air.\r\nHow does photosynthesis affect orbicular warming?\r\nGlobal warming is the increase in the average temperature of the Earth’s surface and is caused by greenhouse gases in the Earth’s atmosphere. The more greenhouse gases there are, the warmer the Earth gets. The warmer the Earth gets, the large the increase in the average temperature of the Earth’s surface. So, more global warming means more greenhouse gases which means more carbon dioxide in the Earth’s atmosphere. Plants need carbon dioxide for photosynthesis. Therefore more global warming equals to more carbon dioxide which means more more photosynthesis to make food(for the plants). Thus, global warming may be good for plants, but if you consider all the negative effects it has on the Earth, the negative effects outweigh the positive ones, definitely.\r\nWhen I was doing my research I saw that now the scientist wants to contrarest the global warming with artificial photosynthesis, that this is a new knowledge that they opened to make possible the artificial plants for incoming time, when the photosynthesis that we have here it will not eough.Global warming is the increase in the average temperature of\r\nProcess of photosynthesis:\r\nhttp://biology.clc.uc.edu/courses/bio104/photosyn.htm\r\n importance of Photosynthesis †Infoplease.com http://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/science/photosynthesis-importance-photosynthesis.html#ixzz2ElihlMFm Photosynthesis concept:\r\nhttp://www.thefreedictionary.com/photosynthesis\r\nhttp://wiki. answers.com/Q/How_does_photosynthesis_affect_global_warming\r\n'