Man wildlife conflict Essay

MAN WILDLIFE skirmishIntroductionHu man marvelouslife counterpoint refers to the interaction betwixt wild animal(prenominal)s and commonwealth and the solution negative shock on hatful or their alternatives, or wild animals or their home ground. It occurs when eliciting piece populations oerlap with constituted wildlife territory, creating reduction of resources or life to any(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) sight and/or wild animals. counterpoint amongst people and animals is unity of the briny threats to the continued survival of umpteen a(prenominal) species in different discontinues of the world, and is resemblingwise a signifi cornerstonet threat to local anaesthetic kind populations. If solutions to deviations ar non adequate, local throw for conservation also declines. Human-wildlife contrast is a serious obstacle to wildlife conservation oecumenic and is fair more than prevalent as merciful race populations increase, reading expands , the global clime changes and former(a) adult male and environmental factors plant people and wildlife in greater rent competition for a shrinking resource base.Improving our responses to human being-wildlife combat requires greater hearing not plainly among wildlife professionals and between their organizations, plainly also with economic and social development organizations, land occasion planners, agribusiness, and separate cardinal decision admitrs. Successful responses to conservation conflicts lots generation require individual professionals to reach international their own disciplines for emergencyed tools, skills and perspectives. Interdisciplinary collaboration, as sound as collaboration between sectors, is critical to improving the understanding of cardinal causes needed to shift the emphasis from activated mitigation of conflict to proactive legal profession strategies.The Human-Wildlife Conflict Collaboration (HWCC) is pioneering efforts to facilita te cooperative learning among diverse partners so that we whitethorn improve our collective ability to manoeuver the root causes of conservation conflicts. HWCC is unique in that it provides a neutral global gathering upon which to convene the individuals, institutions and sectors working on, or touch on by, conflict in conservation. Through this meeting place and our collaborative work, we will help wildlife professionals and cay decision makers shift our efforts from a excited mitigation of human-wildlife conflict to a proactive, legal profession of all conservation conflicts.DefinitionThe Creating Co- conception store at the 5th Annual human race put Congress defined human-wildlife conflict as Human-wildlife conflict occurs when the needs and doings of wildlife impact negatively on the goals of earthly concern or when the goals of human negatively impact the needs of wildlife. Nature of human-wildlife conflictsAs human population ext ceases to wild animal habitats , inherent wildlife territory is displaced. The population density of wildlife and humans overlaps change magnitude their interaction and so resulting in increased strong-arm conflict. Byproducts of human existence offer un-natural opportunity for wildlife in the wreak of food and shelter, resulting in increased disruption and potentially destructive threat for both(prenominal) man and animals.Various forms of humanwildlife conflict occur with various negative results. slightlywhat of these be Animal deathsCrop injureDamage to propertyDestruction of habitatInjuries to peopleInjuries to wildlifeLivestock predation individualnel casualty of human life, much(prenominal) as by Tiger attackInformation on man-wildlife conflicts in Kerala during the period 1983-93 were collected from the force records of the Divisional Forest Offices and by visit aras from where man-wildlife conflicts were reported. Cattle lifting was mainly callable to qatamount (Panthera pardus) Tiger (P anthera tigris) and Wild Dog (Cuon alpinus). fourscore nine kine lifting subject beas were reported during the period. cardinal one human deaths and 64 blot cases were also reported, nearly due to Elephants. let a charge of the total compensation claimed for cows lifting barg exactly 20% was disbursed and notwithstanding 14% were disbursed for human casualties. Electric grapples using energizers may reckon the problem temporarily.Resettling of villagers from inside the quality argonas is also advisable. The southern state of Karnataka has got some of the most pristine forests in westbound Ghats spanning the districts of matrimony Kanara, Dharwad, Belgaum, Shimoga, Udupi, Mangalore, Chikmagalur, Hassan, Madikeri, Mysore and Chamrajnagar. The forests in these districts atomic number 18 quite prolific in wild life as plenty be expected, the most worthy wildlife in these forests being Elephants, Tigers, Leopards among different animals. In the drier tracts of t hese and former(a) districts where the topography is mostly plains with abrupt rocky outcrops of hills the wildlife consists of Bear, Black bucks and Leopards. The difference is barely in the extent of reparation and the outlet of lives at sea.The problem of Man Elephant conflict is more severe in the districts of Hassan and Madikeri where intumescent herds of elephants can be seen swaning and marauding the farms especially in or near the forest areas negative the valuable country crops. At measure there control been loss of human lives which barely accentuates the problem taking this conflict to an entirely new level. Naturally people can tolerate the loss of agricultural crops nevertheless not the loss of their family members. plainly and so who is responsible for all this? It is we who sweep up up intruded into their territory, converting the forests into agricultural farms, growing crops and inviting the elephants to our doorsteps to come and boast their stom ach fill. Its we who keep back fragmented their habitat by devising roads, dams and canals.We feel pitted their habitat by our so called developmental activities eating into their homelands and this appetite of ours for their areas is exactly increasing day by day with the bulblike human population. The elephants in these areas seem to have a very peculiar habit. graduation they have their stomach fill. After that they roam around in calculate of arrack which is usually being distilled in local bhatties. The arrack or the distil waste gives them a nice kick and these drunk elephants are responsible for the loss of human lives. The tools employed by the forest part like bursting of crackers, gunshots or fire torches are too primitive to stop or s interest away the marauding hoop of drunken elephants.The Man-Leopard conflict is more megascopic in the transition zone between dry plain lands and the green rough areas. In the Chikmagalur district it is more a problem in the dry taluqa of Kadur curiously b armying villages of Kadur and Chikmagalur taluqa where the dry tract ends. Kadur is the place which deport in a atrocious name for it cfall back to 10 years back. It was here where large follow of mountain lions had to be shot and killed by employing and deliverance so called sharp shooters from all over the state in search of an illusive so called man-eater panther. The end result of all this hunting pass was that every day and night several panthers were shot and brought to the post mortem table, post mortem was carried out and the killed panther was declared innocent as no human remains could be spy inside till stilltually some human hair remnants were detected in one and then only this shooting spree came to a halt.It is questionable whether it was documentaryly required to kill much(prenominal) a large number of panthers which is an imperil species but perhaps the department had no means to identify the errant panther and henc e large number of panthers had to be killed in search of that illusive wilful one. nevertheless at times one is driven by the root on to be seen as trying his best. Probably this urge opened the floodgates and gradually people took the honor into their own hands thinking that wherefore to wait for the forest department when they can themselves teach panthers a lesson. Same happened some time back. A family of a contract panther and its two grown up cubs was seen in the vicinity of a village. They track down a calf and ate it part before they were chased away by the villagers. Once they left, the carcass of the calf was nicely poisoned. When the mother and the cub returned unsuspectingly conterminous day, they consumed the remains and in the process died themselves.Leopards by nature tend to stray into the habitations in search of their kill. Their natural prey is becoming rare in the forests and the omnipresent cattle and dogs in the vicinity of the villages on the outer bo undary of forest brings them in close conflict of the human beings. In some other areas also a couple of(prenominal)er panthers have had to lose their lives being caught in the snares. These snares are persistent in the barbed wire fence of coffee estates, not necessarily by the estate owners but at times by their labour in order to catch wild boars or small animals. However it is the panthers and Sambars who have had to pay the harm with their lives for their adventure in to the estates.The Man- Tiger conflicts are by and large restricted to the heights up forests and the coffee estates in the vicinity of forests in Chikmagalur district. These conflicts also arise due to depredation by tigers on the cattle or lay downting entangled in the snares dogged in the fencings of the estates. Few tigers have been killed due to such snares.In Chikmagalur, Hassan, Kodagu and other Western Ghat districts Coffee plantations are an integral part of the topography. The conditions av ailable in the coffee estates make them very close to look like forest. Presence of cattle in such areas makes them standard hunting grounds for the tigers and leopards bringing them in direct conflict with the villagers. Moreover there are large number of authorized and unauthorized muzzle essence guns available making it very troublesome for the wild life to survive.Primary antecedent for all these conflicts is fragmentation of the wild habitat. Whereas few patches have been brought under the Conservation mesh topology by declaring them as National Parks or Sanctuaries, about 85-90% of the forest areas are still outside this net income. While there can be no motion that establishing this network has contributed significantly to wildlife conservation. But real problem is that even these networks are also fragmented. Whereas total concentration in these lay and sanctuaries is on wildlife protection making the conditions beau ideal for wildlife, but what about the wildlife s taying in forest areas outside these networks. Wildlife hold outs no boundaries.Creation of ideal conditions in sanctuaries has helped wildlife to multiply rapidly but where is the additional habitat required to cover care of the additional population of animals, which tries to establish over to the nigh areas only to get killed. This is particularly so with regard to the wild animals having territorial tendencies. There is need to have a continuous conservation network with sufficient area and resources to spot care of the progeny. Right now almost no effort is being made to take up wild life cerebrate management works outside the lay and sanctuaries. The lands outside the parks and sanctuaries (even inside also) are constantly under threat of encroachment. Honeycombing of the forestlands has already reached extreme.The tools employed by the government in reducing the Man and Wildlife Conflicts are exceedingly insufficient and hence not producing in demand(p) results. If we think that paying a few hundred or thousands Rupees to a person as compensation for crop damages by elephants or for a cattle killed by a leopard or tiger would save our wildlife from getting poisoned or shot, then it is nothing but our shortsightedness.Even this alleged(prenominal) wildlife compensation is paid to him subsequently making innumerable trips to the concerned office. The farmer has to recant his earnings for each day he has to visit the office, he has to pay from his dismissal for the bus charge and has to undergo somatogenic strain . And what he gets is just few hundred rupees. Such hardships discourage him and in the process he gets encouraged to take the law into his own hands and to settle scores with his tormentor- the wildlife. There are only losers on both the sides.The Forest officials are also at times not acting in tandem. There is no coordination among the adjoining units. Particularly in case of elephant herds movements between the adjoining unit s it can be seen. Everybody wants to drive away the herds to another adjoining unit without giving any thought. It only complicates the problems.Need of the hour is to have a stock of the real problem. And then only solutions can be found. We tend to take each problem in a routine manner. There is a temperament to leave the things to lower subordinates. The powers that be have to take everybody into confidence, discuss the riposte tired and then have to take a conscious decision. A conscious indemnity decision need not be essentially sweet and liked by all but it may presage a new era where people and wildlife both can coexist beneficially.How would you respond to an elephant in your backyard or a plump for in your garden? As human populations expand and natural habitats shrink, people and animals are increasingly coming into conflict over living space and food.From baboons in Namibia attack young cattle, to greater one-horned rhinos in Nepal destroying crops, to orangutans in oil palm plantations, to European bears and wolves putting to death livestock the problem is universal, affects rich and poor, and is bad news for all concerned.The impacts are often huge.People lose their crops, livestock, property, and sometimes their lives. The animals, many of which are already threatened or endangered, are often killed in avenging or to prevent future conflicts.What are the reason for conflict between man and animals?The main reason is that man, unlike other animals change the environment around him alternatively of adjusting himself fit in to the environment. By doing this he disturbes other animals, with cunning and without knowing .Thus he creates a conflict.Human beings think that they have a right to control everything (a scientifically disposed(p) or a god given right) That is because the power of thought he posseses. And because he is the most intelligent being on earth.But unlike human beings animals do not posses a power of thought, thus they wit h out thinking or knowing block the path of humans. Even a cat stealing a weight from a kitchen is a conflict, yet the cat only hope to fulfill its need of food not to steal it away.another(prenominal) reason is increasing of development of physical things made by human beings. The human population is high because he knoes the way to heal, thus the need of land is high both for cultivation and living.Many animals have lost their home lands so they go serching for lands in human habitat areas. In many countries it is a big issue because animals such as Elephants do not only barge into villages but destroy crops and even lives on their way.The final big issue is environment pollution and global warming. And this causes some animals especially those who cannot maintain body temperature according to need (such as fish) have frame extinct and are becoming extinct.This may look as a mear mishap of the pollution and global warming. How come an animal in Africa whove become extinct issu ing someone in America or Asia?Yet it does effect because as you know Planet earth is a system.Solutions authorisation solutions to these conflicts include electric fencing, land use planning, community-based natural resource management (CBNRM), compensation, wages for environmental services, ecotourism, wildlife friendly products, or other field solutions.3 In efforts to reduce human-wildlife conflict, reality Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) has partnered with a number of organizations to provide solutions around the globe. Their solutions are tailored to the community and species involved. For example, in Mozambique, communities started to grow more chili pepper plants after making the discovery that elephants dislike and exclude plants containing capsaicin. This creative and effective method prevents elephants from walk community farmers fields as well as protects the species.